EXHIBITOR manual page


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Table of Contents

Name

exhibitor - search for execution sequences matching a given pattern

Synopsis

bcg_open [bcg_opt] spec[.bcg] [cc_opt] exhibitor [exhibitor_opt]

or:

exp.open [exp_opt] spec[.exp] [cc_opt] exhibitor [exhibitor_opt]

or:

fsp.open [fsp_opt] spec[.lts] [cc_opt] exhibitor [exhibitor_opt]

or:

lnt.open [lnt_opt] spec[.lnt] [cc_opt] exhibitor [exhibitor_opt]

or:

lotos.open [lotos_opt] spec[.lotos] [cc_opt] exhibitor [exhibitor_opt]

or:

seq.open [seq_opt] spec[.seq] [cc_opt] exhibitor [exhibitor_opt]

Description

exhibitor takes two different inputs:

A Labelled Transition System, expressed either as a BCG graph spec.bcg, a composition expression spec.exp, an FSP program spec.lts, a LNT program spec.lnt, a LOTOS program spec.lotos, or a sequence file spec.seq.

A "pattern" (or "goal"), expressed in the full SEQ format described in the seq manual page. By default, this pattern is read from the standard input (under UNIX, the input stream should end up with a 'control-D' character; under Windows, it should end with a 'control-Z' character). Alternately, the pattern can be stored in a file, e.g., filename.seq (the ".seq" suffix is not mandatory, but strongly advisable), in which case this file can be passed to exhibitor (under UNIX, the stream redirection notation "< filename.seq" can be used for this purpose).

exhibitor performs an on-the-fly search in the Labelled Transition System (LTS), looking for execution sequences (also called "diagnostic sequences") that start from the initial state and match the specified pattern.

exhibitor displays on the standard output, in the simple SEQ format, the diagnostic sequence(s) found, if any. If no diagnostic sequence has been found, exhibitor displays an empty result (this case is covered by the simple SEQ format).

If the input pattern is empty (which is allowed by the syntax of the full SEQ format), exhibitor stops immediately, as no diagnostic sequence can be found.

If the input pattern contains more than one sequence (see the seq manual page for details), exhibitor only searches for a single one, according to the number supplied with the -seqno option.

In the CADP toolbox, the SEQ format is the standard format for diagnostic sequences. Many CADP tools take their inputs and/or deliver their outputs in this format. Unfortunately, such diagnostic sequences are not necessarily as short as possible and some information might have been lost (e.g., sequences of i-transitions have been compacted or eliminated, the original gate names corresponding to i-transitions have vanished, etc.).

In many cases, exhibitor solves these problems by allowing to find the shortest sequence matching a given pattern and by providing the source-level information which has been lost. It is also useful for verification and test purpose, because it can search and display automatically an execution scenario defined by a given pattern.

Search Algorithms

exhibitor implements two different search algorithms, one based on a breadth-first search (BFS) and another one based on a depth-first search (DFS). Both algorithms have their own merits. Here is a brief comparison:

The BFS algorithm always produces the shortest diagnostic sequence(s) (if any) that match the given pattern.

The DFS algorithm does not necessarily produce the shortest diagnostic sequence (because in '*'-groups, the states are visited only once). Moreover, as this algorithm is programmed using a recursive C function, exhibitor may abort with a core dump if the execution stack overflows. In such case, the maximal depth should be limited using the -depth option (see below).

Two small examples will illustrate the differences between both algorithms. Let S be the sequence '<until> "exit"'.

Let's consider the LTS corresponding to the LOTOS behaviour:
```
        L1; L2; exit [] L3; exit
```
The BFS algorithm will find the optimal solution:
```
        L3; exit
```
in a few steps, whereas the DFS algorithm might very well explore entirely the longest path:
```
        L1; L2; exit
```
before finding a better solution. Also, if there are *-s in the sequence to be searched and circuits in the LTS, the sequence found by the DFS algorithm might not be minimal.

Let's consider the LTS corresponding to the LOTOS behaviour:
```
        L1; exit ||| L2; exit ||| ... ||| Ln; exit 
```
The DFS algorithm will directly find a solution in n+1 steps, whereas the BFS will have to explore and store all the 2^n possible interleavings of transitions L1, ..., Ln before finding a solution.

Options

The options bcg_opt, if any, are passed to bcg_lib .

The options exp_opt, if any, are passed to exp.open .

The options fsp_opt, if any, are passed to fsp.open .

The options lnt_opt, if any, are passed to lnt.open .

The options lotos_opt, if any, are passed to caesar and to caesar.adt .

The options seq_opt, if any, are passed to seq.open .

The options cc_opt, if any, are passed to the C compiler.

The following options exhibitor_options are currently available:

-seqno number: Select the number-th sequence in the input stream as the pattern to be searched for. number should be a non-zero, positive integer. It should be less than or equal to the number of sequences contained in the input stream. By default, the first sequence will be selected.
-depth depth: Consider only execution sequences whose number of transitions is less than or equal to depth (where depth is greater than zero). Prune the exploration of the graph when the distance from the initial state becomes greater than depth transitions. By default (if this option is not present on the command line) or if depth is equal to zero, all sequences will be considered.
-conflict: When the search is done, print information about those labels that created non-determinism conflicts, solved in a deterministic way (see the seq manual page for details). Not a default option.
-case: Preserve case-sensitivity in the strings and regular_expressions specified in the input stream. Not a default option. By default, all lower-case letters contained in strings and regular_expressions are turned to upper case, except for the special gates "i" and "exit" (see the seq manual page for details).
-bfs: Use the breadth-first search algorithm. Default option.
-dfs: Use the depth-first search algorithm. Not a default option.
-none: Don't print any diagnostic sequence. Not a default option.
-all: Print all diagnostic sequences. With the BFS algorithm, all the printed sequences are minimal. Not a default option.
-first: Print the first diagnostic sequence encountered and stop just after. Not a default option for the DFS algorithm.
-decr: For the BFS algorithm: this option is identical to -first.
For the DFS algorithm: print only those diagnostic sequences which are shorter than the last diagnostic sequence previously displayed. Prune the exploration of the graph in order to find diagnostic sequences of decreasing sizes. It is not guaranteed that the final sequence is minimal (some shorter sequence might exist, which can not be found by the DFS algorithm). Not a default option for the DFS algorithm.
by default: (in absence of -none, -all, -first, -decr) For the BFS algorithm: default is identical to -first.
For the DFS algorithm: print only the shortest diagnostic sequence obtained. Prune the exploration of the graph in order to find diagnostic sequences of decreasing sizes. It is not guaranteed that the final sequence is minimal (some shorter sequence might exist, which can not be found by the program).

spec.bcg: BCG graph (input)
spec.exp: network of communicating LTSs (input)
spec.lts: FSP specification (input)
spec.lnt: LNT specification (input)
spec.lotos: LOTOS specification (input)
spec.seq: sequence file (input)
(standard input): pattern in SEQ format (input)

Files

The binary code of exhibitor is available in $CADP/bin.`arch`/exhibitor.a

Bugs

Please report new bugs to [email protected]

Table of Contents

Name
Synopsis
Description
Search Algorithms
Options
Exit Status
Authors
Operands
Files
See Also
Bugs